One of the crucial aspects of developing forward osmosis (FO) process is making a suitable membrane. In this work, an FO membrane was synthesized by making a polyamide selective layer on an electrospun nanofibers support layer. The prepared thin film composite (TFC) membrane showed good performance in terms of water flux and salt rejection compared to the commercially available membranes. Also, it showed good properties for FO membranes, namely porosity, hydrophilicity, and mechanical strength.

In this study, we investigate numerically, using EPANET code, the leaks in the water distribution network (WDN). The old part of Casablanca city (Morocco) is used as a case of study. The first episode is based on a simulation of artificial leaks on the MATLAB platform using the EPANET. The second was a real simulation of artificial leaks. The results obtained are compared with those of real simulation of artificial leaks caused by the opening and closing of hydrants.

This study analysed the impact of an extreme weather event, water quality deterioration and a growing drinking water demand on the sustainability of drinking water supply in the Netherlands. The results of the case studies were compared to sustainability issues for drinking water supply that are experienced worldwide. This resulted in a set of sustainability characteristics, describing drinking water supply on a local scale in terms of hydrological, technical and socio-economic characteristics.

Access to clean and safe drinking water is a basic human right. Poor quality of drinking water is directly associated with various waterborne diseases. The study found that people living in rural areas, headed by aged ones and having large family sizes are significantly less likely to use safe drinking water sources and households having media exposure, education, women empowerment in household purchases and belonging to the rich segment of society are more likely to use safe drinking water.