In this paper it was shown which water quality information is required to be measured on-line to ensure the production of good quality drinking water. This was determined by following a seven step approach, which helped to understand the processes taking place as well as the dynamics. It was shown that the use of a single instrument able to measure different parameters can be of benefit.

Many rural farming areas are located far from reliable electricity supply, hence, having a reliable source of water for crops and livestock can prove to be an expensive venture. A water pump operating on the water hammer effect requires no external power source and can serve as an effective means of pumping water to a higher altitude once a reliable supply is available. The small hammer-head pump was designed to operate on the hammer head effect created by the sudden stoppage of a flowing fluid.